Q-Batteries蓄电池知识介绍

1 、定义

　　　 铅酸蓄电池是蓄电池的一种，主要特点是采用稀硫酸做电解液，用二氧化铅和绒状铅分别做为电池的正极和负极的一种酸性蓄电池。

2 、分类

　　　 按蓄电池极板结构分类：有形成式、涂膏式和管式蓄电池。

　　　 按蓄电池盖和结构分类：有开口式、排气式、防酸隔爆式和密封阀控式蓄电池。

　　　 按蓄电池维护方式分类：有普通式、少维护式、免维护式蓄电池。

　　　 按我国有关标准规定主要蓄电池系列产品有：

　　　 起动型蓄电池：主要用于汽车、拖拉机、柴油机船舶等起动和照明。

 

固定型蓄电池：主要用于通讯、发电厂、计算机系统作为保护、自动控制的备用电源。

　　　　　 牵引型蓄电池：主要用于各种蓄电池车、叉车、铲车等动力电源。

　　　　　 铁路用蓄电池：主要用于铁路内燃机车、电力机车、客车起动、照明之动力。

　　　　　 摩托车蓄电池：主要用于各种规格摩托车起动和照明。

　　　　　 煤矿用蓄电池：主要用于电力机车牵引动力电源。

　　　　　 储能用蓄电池：主要用于风力、水力发电电能储存。

3 、基本构造：

铅酸蓄电池主要由以下部分构成：

 

1 、硬橡胶槽 2 、负极板 3 、正极板 4 、隔板 5 、鞍子 6 、汇流排

7 、封口胶 8 、电池槽盖 9 、连接条 10 、极柱 11 、排气栓

 

 

正负极板

　　 铅酸蓄电池的极板，依构造和活性物质化成方法，可分为四类：涂膏式极板，管式极板，化成式极板，半化成式极板。涂膏式极板由板栅和活性物质构成的。板栅的作用为支撑活性物质和传导电流、使电流均匀分布。板栅的材料一般铅锑合金，免维护电池采用铅钙合金。正极活性物质主要成分为二氧化铅，负极活性物质主要成份为绒状铅。

 

 

隔板

　　 电池用隔板是由微孔橡胶、玻璃纤维等材料制成的，它的主要作用是：

　　 防止正负极板短路；使电解液中正负离子顺利通过。阻缓正负极板活性物质的脱落，防止正负极板因震动而损伤。

 

 

电解液

　　 电解液是蓄电池的重要组成部份，它的作用是传导电流和参加电化学反应

　　 电解液是由浓硫酸和净化水（去离子水）配制而成的，电解液的纯度和密度对电池容量和寿命有重要影响。

 

电池壳、盖

　　 电池壳、盖是装正负极板和电解液的容器，一般由塑料和橡胶材料制成。

 

 

排气栓

　　 排气栓一般由塑料材料制成，对电池起密封作用，阻止空气进入，防止极板氧化。同时可以将充电时电池内产生的气体排出电池，避免电池产生危险。

　　 使用前：必须将排气栓上的盲孔用铁丝刺穿、以保证气体溢出通畅。 Lead acid battery

1. Definition



Lead-acid battery is a kind of battery, which is mainly characterized by using dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, and using lead dioxide and fluffy lead as the positive and negative electrodes of the battery.



2. Classification



According to the structure of battery plate, there are formed type, coated type and tubular type batteries.



According to the battery cover and structure, there are open type, exhaust type, acid proof and explosion proof type and sealed valve regulated type batteries.



According to the battery maintenance mode, there are ordinary, less maintenance and maintenance-free batteries.



According to relevant national standards, the main battery series products include:



Starting battery: mainly used for starting and lighting of automobiles, tractors, diesel ships, etc.





Fixed battery: mainly used for communication, power plant and computer system as backup power for protection and automatic control.



Traction battery: mainly used for power supply of various battery trucks, forklifts, forklifts, etc.



Railway storage battery: mainly used for starting and lighting power of railway diesel locomotives, electric locomotives and passenger cars.



Motorcycle battery: mainly used for starting and lighting of motorcycles of various specifications.



Coal mine battery: mainly used for traction power supply of electric locomotive.



Storage battery for energy storage: mainly used for wind power and hydroelectric power generation.



3. Basic structure:



Lead acid battery mainly consists of the following parts:





1. Hard rubber groove 2, negative plate 3, positive plate 4, diaphragm 5, saddle 6, busbar



7. Sealing glue 8, battery slot cover 9, connecting strip 10, pole 11, exhaust plug







Positive and negative plates



The plates of lead-acid batteries can be divided into four types according to the structure and the method of active material formation: coated plates, tubular plates, formed plates and semi-formed plates. The coated plate is composed of grid and active material. The function of the grid is to support the active material, conduct the current and distribute the current evenly. The grid material is generally lead antimony alloy, and the maintenance-free battery is lead calcium alloy. The main component of the positive active material is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative active material is velvety lead.







a partition



The separator for battery is made of microporous rubber, glass fiber and other materials. Its main functions are:



Prevent short circuit of positive and negative plates; Make the positive and negative ions in the electrolyte pass smoothly. Slow down the shedding of active substances on the positive and negative plates, and prevent the positive and negative plates from being damaged by vibration.







electrolyte



Electrolyte is an important part of battery. Its function is to conduct current and participate in electrochemical reaction



The electrolyte is prepared from concentrated sulfuric acid and purified water (deionized water). The purity and density of the electrolyte have an important impact on the battery capacity and life.





Battery shell and cover



The battery shell and cover are containers containing positive and negative plates and electrolyte, which are generally made of plastic and rubber materials.







Exhaust cock



The exhaust plug is generally made of plastic material, which can seal the battery, prevent air from entering and prevent the oxidation of the electrode plate. At the same time, the gas generated in the battery during charging can be discharged from the battery to avoid the danger of the battery.



Before use: the blind hole on the exhaust plug must be pierced with iron wire to ensure smooth gas overflow.