什么是Q-Batteries免维护铅酸蓄电池
Maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, as the name suggests, are characterized by "maintenance-free". Compared with lead-acid battery, its consumption of electrolyte is very small, and it does not need to supplement distilled water during its service life. It also has the characteristics of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size and small self-discharge. Of course, its price will also be more expensive than lead-acid batteries. As for the service life, the recommended replacement period of maintenance-free battery under normal conditions is about 3 years, which is equivalent to lead-acid battery.
In order to avoid routine maintenance and maintenance, the design of its exhaust system is significantly different from that of lead-acid batteries, so it is not necessary to add distilled water or electrolyte frequently in theory. In addition, the shell of maintenance-free lead-acid battery is generally closed, and it cannot be repaired by itself unless there are professional tools and technologies.
Although maintenance-free lead-acid batteries are called "maintenance-free", they are not completely laissez-faire. Generally, it is recommended to check the battery every 30000 km and maintain it every 80000 km. However, there are very few 4S stores or repair shops that can carry out this operation, and the service life of maintenance-free batteries is relatively fixed. In normal use, they need to be replaced for 2-3 years, and there is no way to extend their service life.
performance design
The sealed maintenance-free lead-acid battery adopts the fully sealed structure and modern production technology newly designed in the 1990s. It has excellent performance of high performance, long life, no pollution, no maintenance, safe and reliable. Compared with the traditional battery, the maintenance-free lead-acid battery's capacitance can work at the ambient temperature of - 30 ℃~+60 ℃. At the same time, it also has the advantages of fast charging, large current discharge, low internal resistance, and an ultra-long cycle life of more than 100000 times.
Product characteristics
1. High capacity
2. Long life
3. High CCA, good starting performance
4. Superior charging acceptance and vibration resistance
5. AGM technology application
6. COS and TTP technology application
7. Advanced anti-sulfation technology
8. Advanced lead-calcium alloy technology, maintenance-free design
9. Reliable anti-leakage and valve-control sealing design
10. Dry load design, long storage period, ready to use
11. Complete models, beautiful and generous, high standard design
classification
The commonly used batteries are mainly divided into three types: ordinary batteries, dry-loaded batteries and maintenance-free batteries.
1) Ordinary battery; The plate of ordinary battery is composed of lead and lead oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantages are stable voltage and low price; The disadvantages are low specific energy (i.e. the electric energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life and frequent daily maintenance.
2) Dry-charged battery: its full name is dry-charged lead-acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative plate has a high storage capacity. In a completely dry state, it can store the energy obtained within two years. When it is used, it only needs to add electrolyte, and it can be used after 20-30 minutes.
3) Maintenance-free battery: Due to its structural advantages, the consumption of electrolyte is very small. The service life is generally twice that of ordinary batteries. There are also two types of maintenance-free batteries on the market: the first type is to add electrolyte at the time of purchase without maintenance (add supplemental solution); The other is that the battery itself has been filled with electrolyte and sealed when it leaves the factory, so the user can't add the supplemental solution at all.
structure
The general lead-acid battery is composed of positive and negative plates, partitions, shells, electrolyte and terminal posts. The chemical reaction of its discharge depends on the active substances of the positive plate (lead dioxide and lead) and the active substances of the negative plate (sponge pure lead) under the action of the electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid solution). The grid of the plate is made of lead antimony alloy for traditional batteries, and lead calcium alloy for maintenance-free batteries, The former uses antimony and the latter uses calcium, which is the fundamental difference between the two. Different materials will lead to different phenomena: the traditional battery will reduce liquid in the process of use. This is because the antimony on the grid will pollute the spongy pure lead on the negative plate, weaken the back electromotive force in the battery after full charging, resulting in excessive decomposition of water, and a large amount of oxygen and hydrogen will escape from the positive and negative plates respectively, reducing the electrolyte. Replacing antimony with calcium can change the back electromotive force of the fully charged battery, reduce the overcharge current, and reduce the liquid gasification rate, thus reducing the loss of electrolyte.
Maintenance-free lead-acid battery
Maintenance-free lead-acid battery
Because maintenance-free lead-acid battery uses lead-calcium alloy grid frame, which produces less water decomposition and low water evaporation during charging. In addition, the shell is of sealed structure, which releases little sulfuric acid gas. Compared with traditional battery, it has the advantages of no need to add any liquid, less corrosion to wiring pile head and wire, strong overcharging resistance, large starting current, and long battery storage time. The maintenance-free lead-acid battery only produces a small amount of gas in the electrolyte under the normal charging voltage, the electrode plate has strong anti-overcharging ability, and has the characteristics of small internal resistance, good low-temperature starting performance, and longer service life than the conventional battery. Therefore, it is not necessary to add distilled water during the whole use period, and it is not necessary to remove it for supplementary charging under the normal charging system. However, the specific gravity of the electrolyte should be checked during maintenance.
Most maintenance-free lead-acid batteries are equipped with a hole-shaped liquid (temperature compensation type) hydrometer on the cover, which will change the color according to the change of electrolyte specific gravity. It can indicate the storage state of the battery and the height of the electrolyte level. When the indicator eye of the hydrometer is green, it indicates that the battery is fully charged and normal; When the green dot of the indicator eye is little or black, it indicates that the battery needs to be charged; When the indicator eye displays light yellow, it indicates that the battery has internal fault and needs to be repaired or replaced.
Maintenance-free lead-acid batteries can also be recharged in the same way as ordinary batteries. The voltage of each cell shall be limited to 2.3-2.4V during charging. Note that using conventional charging methods will consume more water, and the charging current should be slightly smaller (below 5A). Do not charge quickly, otherwise, the battery may explode and cause personal injury. When the hydrometer of maintenance-free battery shows light yellow or red, it means that the battery is close to being scrapped, and its service life is not long even if it is recharged. At this time, charging can only be used as a stopgap.
If conditions permit, maintenance-free lead-acid batteries can be charged with charging equipment with current-voltage characteristics. The device can ensure sufficient power and avoid overcharging and consuming more water.
Use and maintenance
The correct use and maintenance of battery mainly includes the following 7 points:
1. Check whether the fixing bolts of the battery on the bracket are tightened. If they are not firmly installed, the housing will be damaged due to driving vibration. In addition, do not put metal objects on the battery to prevent short circuit.
2. Always check whether the pole and terminal are connected reliably. In order to prevent oxidation of the terminal post, protective agents such as Vaseline can be applied.
3. Direct ignition (short circuit test) can not be used to check the battery power, which will cause damage to the battery.
4. Ordinary lead-acid batteries shall be regularly added with distilled water. It is better to properly charge the dry-loaded battery before use. As for the maintenance-free battery that can be added with water, it is not impossible to maintain it properly. If necessary, adding distilled water will help to prolong its service life.
5. The air hole on the battery cover shall be smooth. The battery will generate a lot of bubbles during charging. If the vent is blocked, the gas cannot escape. When the pressure increases to a certain degree, the battery shell will burst.
6. There is often yellow and white paste around the battery pole and cover, which is caused by sulfuric acid corroding the root pole, wire clamp, fixing frame, etc. The resistance of these substances is very high, and should be removed in time.
7. When two batteries need to be used in series, the capacity of the battery should be equal. Otherwise, the service life of the battery will be affected.
Generally, this type of maintenance-free battery can be stored for 10 months from delivery to use, and its voltage and capacitance remain unchanged. The voltage and capacitance of the battery with poor quality will drop about 3 months after delivery. When purchasing a battery that is 3 months away from the production date, you can check whether the voltage and capacitance of the battery meet the requirements of the manual on the spot. If the voltage and capacitance drop, it means that the material inside the battery is not good, and the quality of the battery is certainly not good. It may be disguised by charging the battery with water through the dealer.
8. Preparation of maintenance-free lead-acid battery electrolyte
5.2.1 Check the residual acid in the acid pool. If it is less than 1/4 of the acid pool, it is necessary to inject pure water meeting the technical requirements into the acid pool to make it reach 2/3 of the liquid level, and then add concentrated sulfuric acid meeting the technical requirements according to the proportion of about 4:1 according to the amount of pure water added. When adding concentrated sulfuric acid, first put the plastic stirrer into the acid tank for mixing, and then slowly pour the concentrated sulfuric acid into the acid tank to prevent the sulfuric acid from splashing; 5.2.2 During acid preparation, pay attention to the temperature of the acid tank. When the temperature in the acid tank is greater than 60 ℃, immediately stop adding sulfuric acid, add pure water or stir for cooling. When the temperature of the acid solution drops below 45 ℃, then add pure water or sulfuric acid according to the required acid proportion for readjustment; 5.2.3 Preparation of electrolyte for battery: when the temperature of the electrolyte in the acid preparation tank drops to room temperature, put a hydrometer and thermometer to measure its actual value. When the actual temperature and the specific gravity of the electrolyte meet the requirements, take the weight of dilute sulfuric acid. 5.2.4 If the prepared electrolyte is not at room temperature, it can be corrected according to the following formula: d25=dt+0.00075 × (t-25) (g/cm3): where d25 represents the density converted to the standard temperature (25 ℃); Dt is the measured density; T is the temperature of the electrolyte when measuring the specific gravity.
9. The storage battery cannot be placed for a long time. The storage battery that has been out of service for a long time should also be charged and maintained regularly.
All batteries have an internal self-discharge problem. The self-discharge capacity is about 2% every day. That is to say, even if a fully charged battery is not used at all, after a long time, its stored power will be discharged by the internal self-discharge. However, the electrode plate of the battery with power loss will soon be sulfated, thus greatly weakening the power storage capacity. Therefore, the battery that has been out of service for a long time should be recharged once a month for about 10 hours each time.
If the storage battery has been stored for a long time and has been vulcanized, the capacity can be restored after it is fully charged and repaired by using the online battery maintenance instrument for about 20 days.
application area
免维护铅酸蓄电池，顾名思义最大的特点就是“免维护”。和铅酸蓄电池比它的电解液的消耗量非常小，在使用寿命内基本不需要补充蒸馏水。它还具有耐震、耐高温、体积小、自放电小的特点。当然相对的，它的售价也会比铅酸蓄电池更贵。至于使用寿命，正常情况下免维护蓄电池的建议更换周期为3年左右，与铅酸蓄电池相当。
为了避免日常的保养和维护其排气系统的设计与铅酸蓄电池有着明显差异，因此从理论上来说并不需要经常添加蒸馏水或电解液。此外，免维护铅酸蓄电池的壳体一般都是封闭式的，除非有专业工具和技术，一般是无法自行检修的。
免维护铅酸蓄电池虽然称之为“免维护”，但也并非完全可以放任不管。一般建议每3万公里检查一次蓄电池，每8万公里进行一次保养。不过能进行此番操作的4S店或维修厂少之又少，而且免维护蓄电池的使用寿命相对比较固定，正常使用状态下，2-3年也要进行更换了，并且没有什么可以延长其使用寿命之道。
性能设计
密封免维护铅酸蓄电池采用九十年代最新设计的全密封结构及现代化生产工艺。使其具有高性能、长寿命、无污染、免维护、安全可靠的卓越性能。于传统蓄电池相比，免维护铅酸蓄电池的电容可以在-30℃~+60℃的环境温度下工作，同时还具有快速充电、大电流放电、内阻低、循环寿命达10万次以上的超长寿命等优势。
产品特性
1. 高容量
2. 长寿命
3. 高CCA，起动性能好
4. 充电接受及耐振动性能优越
5. AGM技术应用
6. COS及TTP技术应用
7. 先进的防硫酸盐化技术
8. 先进的铅钙合金技术，免维护设计
9. 可靠的防溢漏、阀控密封设计
10.干荷设计，贮存期长，即启即用
11.型号齐全，美观大方，高标准设计
分类
常用的蓄电池主要分为三类，分别为普通蓄电池、干荷蓄电池和免维护蓄电池三种。
1） 普通蓄电池；普通蓄电池的极板是由铅和铅的氧化物构成，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。它的主要优点是电压稳定、价格便宜；缺点是比能低（即每公斤蓄电池存储的电能）、使用寿命短和日常维护频繁。
2） 干荷蓄电池：它的全称是干式荷电铅酸蓄电池，它的主要特点是负极板有较高的储电能力，在完全干燥状态下，能在两年内保存所得到的电量，使用时，只需加入电解液，等过20—30分钟就可使用。
3） 免维护蓄电池：免维护蓄电池由于自身结构上的优势，电解液的消耗量非常小。使用寿命一般为普通蓄电池的两倍。市场上的免维护蓄电池也有两种：第一种在购买时一次性加电解液以后使用中不需要维护（添加补充液）；另一种是电池本身出厂时就已经加好电解液并封死，用户根本就不能加补充液。
结构
一般的蓄电池铅酸蓄电池是由正负极板、隔板、壳体、电解液和接线桩头等组成，其放电的化学反应是依靠正极板活性物质（二氧化铅和铅）和负极板活性物质 （海绵状纯铅）在电解液（稀硫酸溶液）的作用下进行，其中极板的栅架，传统蓄电池用铅锑合金制造，免维护蓄电池是用铅钙合金制造，前者用锑，后者用钙，这是两者的根本区别点。不同的材料就会产生不同的现象：传统蓄电池在使用过程中会发生减液现象，这是因为栅架上的锑会污染负极板上的海绵状纯铅，减弱了完全充电后蓄电池内的反电动势，造成水的过度分解，大量氧气和氢气分别从正负极板上逸出，使电解液减少。用钙代替锑，就可以改变完全充电后的蓄电池的反电动势，减少过充电流，液体气化速度减低，从而减低了电解液的损失。
免维护铅酸蓄电池
免维护铅酸蓄电池
由于免维护铅酸蓄电池采用铅钙合金栅架，充电时产生的水分解量少，水份蒸发量低，加上外壳采用密封结构，释放出来的硫酸气体也很少，所以它与传统蓄电池相比，具有不需添加任何液体，对接线桩头、电线腐蚀少，抗过充电能力强，起动电流大，电量储存时间长等优点。免维护铅酸蓄电池因其在正常充电电压下，电解液仅产生少量的气体，极板有很强的抗过充电能力，而且具有内阻小、低温起动性能好、比常规蓄电池使用寿命长等特点，因而在整个使用期间不需添加蒸馏水，在充电系正常情况下，不需从拆下进行补充充电。但在保养时应对其电解液的比重进行检查。
大多数免维护铅酸蓄电池在盖上设有一个孔形液体（温度补偿型）比重计，它会根据电解液比重的变化而改变颜色。可以指示蓄电池的存放电状态和电解液液位的高度。当比重计的指示眼呈绿色时，表明充电已足，蓄电池正常；当指示眼绿点很少或为黑色，表明蓄电池需要充电；当指示眼显示淡黄色，表明蓄电池内部有故障，需要修理或进行更换。
免维护铅酸蓄电池也可以进行补充充电，充电方式与普通蓄电池的充电方法基本一样。充电时每单格电压应限制在2．3-2．4V间。注意使用常规充电方法充电会消耗较多的水，充电时充电电流应稍小些（5A以下）。不能进行快速充电，否则，蓄电池可能会发生爆炸，导致伤人。当免维护蓄电池的比重计，显示为淡黄色或红色时，说明该蓄电池已接近报废，即使再充电，使用寿命也不长。此时的充电只能做为救急的权宜之计。
有条件时，对免维护铅酸蓄电池可用具有电流-电压特性的充电设备进行充电。该设备即可保证充足电，又可避免过充电而消耗较多的水。
使用维护
蓄电池的正确使用和维护主要有以下7点：
⒈检查蓄电池在支架上的固定螺栓是否拧紧，安装不牢靠会因行车震动而引起壳体损坏。另外不要将金属物放在蓄电池上以防短路。
⒉时常查看极柱和接线头连接得是否可靠。为防止接线柱氧化可以涂抹凡士林等保护剂。
⒊不可用直接打火（短路试验）的方法检查蓄电池的电量这样会对蓄电池造成损害。
⒋普通铅酸蓄电池要注意定期添加蒸馏水。干荷蓄电池在使用之前最好适当充电。至于可加水的免维护蓄电池并不是不能维护适当查看必要时补充蒸馏水有助于延长使用寿命。
⒌蓄电池盖上的气孔应通畅。蓄电池在充电时会产生大量气泡若通气孔被堵塞使气体不能逸出当压力增大到一定的程度后就会造成蓄电池壳体炸裂。
⒍在蓄电池极柱和盖的周围常会有黄白色的糊状物，这是因为硫酸腐蚀了根柱、线卡、固定架等造成的。这些物质的电阻很大，要及时清除。
⒎当需要用两块蓄电池串联使用时蓄电池的容量最好相等。否则会影响蓄电池的使用寿命。
一般这类免维护电池从出厂到使用可以存放10个月，其电压与电容保持不变，质量差的在出厂后的3个月左右电压和电容就会下降。在购买时选离生产日期有3个月的，当场就可以检查电池的电压和电容是否达到说明书上的要求，若电压和电容都有下降的情况则说明它里面的材质不好，那么电池的质量肯定也不行，有可能是加水电池经过经销商充电后伪装而成的。
⒏免维护铅酸蓄电池电解液的配制
5.2.1查酸池中的余酸，如果低于酸池的1/4，则需将符合技术要求的纯水注入配酸池内，使其达到2/3的液面，再根据加入纯水的量，按约4：1的比例加入符合技术要求的浓硫酸。加浓硫酸时，要先将塑料搅拌器放入酸池内进行搅拌，然后慢慢地将浓硫酸倒入酸池内，以防止硫酸飞溅；5.2.2配酸时，要注意酸池的温度，当酸池内温度大于60℃时，立即停止加入硫酸，改加纯水或搅拌冷却，待酸液温度下降至45℃以下时，然后根据需要的酸比重加入纯水或硫酸进行重新调整；5.2.3电池用电解液的配制：待配酸池内的电解液温度降至室温时，放入比重计和温度计测量其实际值，待实际温度和电解液比重符合要求时，按取稀硫酸的重量，5.2.4若配制电解液不在室温时，可按下列公式加以校正：d25=dt+0.00075×（t-25）（g/cm3）：式中d25表示换算至标准温度（25℃）下的密度；dt为实测密度；t为测量比重时电解液的温度。
⒐蓄电池不可长期放置，长期停用的蓄电池也应定时充电保养。
蓄电池都存在一个内部自放电的问题，每天自放电量约2%，也就是说，充足电的蓄电池，即使一点不用，经过较长时间后，其存电也会被内部自放电放完。而亏电的蓄电池，其极板又会很快被硫酸盐化，从而大大削弱蓄电能力。因此，长期停用的蓄电池每月应对蓄电池作补充充电一次，每次10小时左右。
如果蓄电池已经放置时间很长，出现了蓄电池硫化现象，可充满电后使用蓄电池在线维护仪修复20天左右，容量即可恢复。
应用领域
船舶设备，医疗设备，警报系统，发动机起动，电动工具，紧急照明系统，备用电力电源，大型UPS和计算机备用电源，峰值负载补偿储能装置，电力系统，电信设备，控制系统，核电站，发电站，消防和安全防卫系统，太阳能，风电站等。
